Design and Evaluation of an Interactive Exercise Coaching System for Older Adults: Lessons Learned.

Although the positive effects of exercise on the well-being and quality of independent living for older adults are well accepted, many elderly individuals lack access to exercise facilities, or the skills and motivation to perform exercise at home. To provide a more engaging environment that promotes physical activity, various fitness applications have been proposed. Many of the available products, however, are geared toward a younger population and are not appropriate or engaging for an older population. To address these issues, we developed an automated interactive exercise coaching system using the Microsoft Kinect. The coaching system guides users through a series of video exercises, tracks and measures their movements, provides real-time feedback, and records their performance over time. Our system consists of exercises to improve balance, flexibility, strength, and endurance, with the aim of reducing fall risk and improving performance of daily activities. In this paper, we report on the development of the exercise system, discuss the results of our recent field pilot study with six independently living elderly individuals, and highlight the lessons learned relating to the in-home system setup, user tracking, feedback, and exercise performance evaluation.

Upper extremity reachable workspace evaluation with Kinect.

We propose a novel low-cost method for quantitative assessment of upper extremity workspace envelope using Microsoft Kinect camera. In clinical environment there are currently no practical and cost-effective methods available to provide arm-function evaluation in three-dimensional space. In this paper we examine the accuracy of the proposed technique for workspace estimation using Kinect in comparison with a motion capture system. The experimental results show that the developed system is capable of capturing the workspace with sufficient accuracy and robustness.

Architecture of an automated coaching system for elderly population.

We present an automated coaching system for elderly population living in assisted homes. The system guides its users through a sequence of exercises and tests. Each exercise is demonstrated by a pre-recorded video of a coach, checked for correct execution and qualitatively evaluated. Automatic coaching advices are generated in order to improve the execution. Performance measurements are shown as an immediate feedback to the user, and stored and evaluated over time. The system is designed to allow for a remote interaction with a coach, and, to bolster social aspect of the exercise, for concurrent exercise of two (or eventually multiple) remote users.

Real-time human pose detection and tracking for tele-rehabilitation in virtual reality.

We present a real-time algorithm for human pose detection and tracking from vision-based 3D data and its application to tele-rehabilitation in virtual environments. We employ stereo camera(s) to capture 3D avatars of geographically dislocated patient and therapist in real-time, while sending the data remotely and displaying it in a virtual scene. A pose detection and tracking algorithm extracts kinematic parameters from each participant and determines pose similarity. The pose similarity score is used to quantify patient's performance and provide real-time feedback for remote rehabilitation.

Accuracy and robustness of Kinect pose estimation in the context of coaching of elderly population.

The Microsoft Kinect camera is becoming increasingly popular in many areas aside from entertainment, including human activity monitoring and rehabilitation. Many people, however, fail to consider the reliability and accuracy of the Kinect human pose estimation when they depend on it as a measuring system. In this paper we compare the Kinect pose estimation (skeletonization) with more established techniques for pose estimation from motion capture data, examining the accuracy of joint localization and robustness of pose estimation with respect to the orientation and occlusions. We have evaluated six physical exercises aimed at coaching of elderly population. Experimental results present pose estimation accuracy rates and corresponding error bounds for the Kinect system.